The surplus stock that a business can draw from at any time. Having buffer stock ensures a business can operate effectively if unforeseen circumstances arise, such as delays to deliveries or a large spike in demand.

A 2D template of a printed product.

The wave-like structure in the middle of corrugated board. Provides strength and rigidity.

The fewest units a supplier is willing to sell in a single order.

Quantities received are in excess of what was ordered (over), fewer quantities received than ordered (short), and product received is damaged or part of the shipment is damaged (damages).

Any packaging directly in contact with a product.

Any packaging used to display or transport a product.